Learning through exploration, active participation and imitation

Learning through exploration, active participation and imitation Young children learn through exploration, active participation and through imitation and as such quality arts programme comprising of all art forms visual art, music, media, dance and drama should be included as part of the curriculum in the early childhood classroom. As stated by Spodek,1993 (cited in Isenberg Jalongo, 2001) through participating in the art activities children are able to express themselves and it provides opportunities for development of creativity , symbolizing and enhances their learning about aesthetics which further helps them gain academic knowledge. Smith, 1982 (cited in Wright, 1991) mentioned that children are able to organise their experiences and know about themselves and their world through participating in the arts. Dyson (1990, p.52) further stated that art and play have critical roles in childrens growth as symbol makers . Like play, art is voluntary and intrinsically motivated as children are free to choose the content and direction of the activity . There are no external demands or expectations and children are free to explore, experiment and investigate with the people, objects and materials provided. He also mentioned that children pursue art activities for intrinsic pleasure rather than external rewards. Furthermore, the gestures and first words children use during make believe play reflect upon peoples actions and things around their daily lives which is the early understanding of symbolisation as well as the basic foundation that develops into drawing pictures, spoken and written words in their later stages. Based on my practical experiences in the classroom and as well as through the readings from books I believe that arts is just as important as any other subject in the curriculum and children do learn and develop their physical, intellectual, emotional and social skills through participating in the arts activities. It is also a requirement by the Ministry of Education that the arts be included as part of the curricul um in the Singaporean classroom. (cited in Framework for A Kindergarten Curriculum in Singapore, 2006). This essay is a brief attempt at looking at the importance of the arts in the education of young children drawn from two art forms which are music and drama. According to Isenberg Jalongo, (2001) four types of learning are promoted through the arts and they are 1) knowledge about the arts 2) skills in the arts 3) dispositions towards the arts and 4) feelings about the arts. As knowledge about the arts is developed through sensory experiences and explorations of materials, children provided with such opportunities to observe, explore and discover about the world, develop their cognitive ability and it further enhances foundation for later learning in the preschool years whereby they use symbols, language and make believe play develops. Skills in the arts are developed when children are allowed to explore and experiment in a safe and healthy art environment provided with a variety of tools and materials under the guidance of an adult who has already acquired these skills. For example, children creating a paper use the skill of printing, painting, tearing, rolling, and colour mixing. They use their fine motor skills, eye hand coordination and social interaction skills. Throughout the activity they engage in the process of problem solving as they experiment with colour and texture to create the paper. There is a certain amount of trial and error while they experiment with the tools. Self expression as children are able to use their own imagination and creativity to express themselves while creating the paper. (Isenberg Jalongo, 2001) Vygotsky, according to Berk, (2000) viewed childrens cognitive development as a socially mediated process whereby processes and skills are transferred and supported from more knowledgeable adult as children try new tasks. He also believed that as long as children acquire language, their ability to communicate with others leads to changes in thought and behaviour that vary from culture to culture. As such, the third type of learning dispositions towards art depends on the adult being the role model and the interaction with more competent peers and teachers to support the child to parti cipate successfully in the arts. Providing feedback as stated by Wright, (1991) is part of summative assessment that guides childrens learning and helps them acquire the elements, concepts, forms, and vocabulary about the arts. When children are given opportunities to respond to art works created by others, for example, when they are taken for visits to art galleries and teachers model ways to respond thoughtfully while viewing the works by professional artist children learn to respect the work of others and when teachers value childrens work and display them, these develops their sense of efficacy and enables them to have positive feeling about the arts. On the other hand, Swanwick, (1998) mentioned that the three elements of play applicable to learning through the arts are mastery, imitation, and imaginative play. Mastery involves learning of a skill associated with an art form for example children learning to make finger puppets for a drama performance or trying to keep to the rhythm while experimenting with a musical instrument during a musical percussion session. Children being able to identify things and people other than themselves as well as learning how to express sympathy, empathy and show concern explains the expressive nature of the art form known as Imitation. Based on my classroom experience, preschoolers making musical sounds for pigs running away from the wolf and moving their bodies to suggest movements of a wolf and expressing through facial expressions as an angry wolf for a drama performance of the story Three Little Pigs are examples of imitation. Imaginative play focuses on the structure of an art form. Examples of imaginative play during the Three Little Pigs drama are when children experiment with different musical instruments until they are able to create the sound that best resembles the pigs running away from the wolf and when experimenting with the different ways as they can move that suggests the movement of the wolf. Swanwick, (1998) also suggests that all three elements of play must be in action for all ages in order to learn through the arts. Isenberg Jalongo, (2001) claim that music contributes to the total development of the child cognitive, physical, social, emotional, cultural and aesthetics. In my centre, we have a music and movement area equipped with a variety of musical instruments like bells, tambourines, triangles etc. Children participate in music and movement activities whereby they move as well as sing along and play musical instruments. Through these activities children develop their large muscles of their bodies as they invent actions to go along with the songs .They develop fine motor skills as they play musical instruments and become aware of beat, tempo, and pitch. These activities also build kinaesthetic intelligence. Gardner, (1973, cited in Isenberg Jalongo, 1997) Children gain experience with music and use of language as they sing the songs for instance when singing the song If you happy and you know it clap your hands they link words with actions and focus on the sequence and task and all these i nvolves childrens ability to process mentally the tone, rhythm, and melody and thus involves thinking skills and cognitive connections between music and learning. As mentioned by Isenberg Jalongo , 1997 that Bruners three learning stages enactive, iconic and symbolic suggests developmentally appropriate musical experience for children and they add that Bruners enactive stage relates to Piagets(1952) sensorimotor stage and Eriksons (1950) trust-building stage where physical activity and music are intertwined. Thus, musical activities stimulate the childrens senses, cognitive development and also build social relationships. Childrens creativity is enhanced when they are asked to decide on the other actions and movement apart from those suggested by the teacher. As stated by McAllester, (cited in Isenberg Jalongo, 1997) music encourages participation, sharing and cooperation .Through participating in the musical activities, there is cooperation and sharing when children get together and work with a partner or in a group and these develops their social skills. Music is also an excellent tool to familiarise children with the different culture. When children are given the opportunity to experience and listen to different cultural music, they begin to appreciate and understand what each ethnic group is about.and these develops their aesthetic skills and understand the art form. Cornett (1999) supports the need for teachers to integrate creative drama in the classroom as she states that drama being a part of everyday life, prepares an individual to connect to real life situations. Cornett (1999) adds that when children are participating in the drama, they are able to look at problems from different points of view, respect diverse thinking, and realise that there are many ways to settle one problem. She further states that through drama, children learn to exchange feelings and emotions with each other. This enhances their personality development. Cornett (1999) also states that personal development takes place when children control their body and words as they express ideas and feelings during the drama activities. She also indicated that positive self image and confidence are developed through the problem solving situations. Cornett (1999) reiterates that children engaging in situational confrontations during their role play, also become aware of the different emotions people feel for example happiness, sadness .anger, fear. She adds that the children learn that these feelings can be dealt with, thus developing a tolerance towards them. Isbell Raines (2007), agree that social skills can be developed in drama as children working in a group overcome difficulties through problem solving skills. They experience working with peers as they negotiate plans to stage the drama. During interactions, children learn to negotiate with each other, work cooperatively, and develop respect for each other. In my centre, besides the dramatic play in the home corner, my class of four year olds involve in simple puppetry and mask drama using rhymes and childrens stories. Rhymes like This little pig went to market are taught to children using puppets and later children retell the rhyme using the puppets. In addition, children take turns to dramatise the rhyme each child given a mask of a pig (mask designed and made by child), actions like going the market, eating roast beef are incorporated. Puppets and mask are excellent props in focusing childrens attention. Through such activities children are able to participate in dramatic action using the element role, as they pretend to be someone other than themselves. Language is enhanced as they retell rhyme and children are able to express ideas and feelings through dramatic movement. (Isbell Raines, 2007) .As mentioned above, experts strongly believe that musical activities and drama enables children to develop their physical, cognitive, social, emotional and aesthetic skills as well as to provide opportunities for development of self expression, creativity, symbolizing all of which enhances their academic knowledge .There are many opportunities for children to learn and develop skills, knowledge and processes through participation in the arts , as such having discussed the benefits and leaning outcomes of childrens participation in the arts , I strongly believe that the arts is important in the education of preschoolers and all art forms should be integrated into the preschool curriculum with equal emphasis as any other subject in the curriculum.

Experience with a Computer Repair Shop

First of all let me start off by saying I personally have had a bad experience with a computer repair shop in the pass especially when it comes to them backing up of your pictures, videos, documents and all your files to a DVD. Some repair shops say they will back up all your files for a cost to a DVD. The problem with that is a DVD only hold up to 4GB of memory. What if your computer has two hard drives or has 1TB of files and stuff that needs to be backed up. Here is when it becomes a scan because one DVD cannot save all of that memory and then they want to charge you extra, preferably and arm and a leg. Best buy has done that to me before when I had a virus on my computer and I only used my computer so save videos, pictures, play video games, visit social sites and read and send email. It was the worst experience I have ever had and I would never take my computer back to the geek squad ever again. Cost me about $400 bucks to remove a virus. I couldn’t believe it.I can only imagine someone that uses their computer to create files and for their business and professional reasons. They would have a bigger computer and have a lot more files that need to be backed up than the normal person. That would affect them a whole not more than it would do me. Then the shop would not even reinstall their apps so they would have to do that all over again. That would be a pain in the butt and a whole other story.Computer repair shops now a day have people that work in it that are lazy and don’t know what they are doing and it’s not right for a customer who is paying good money for crappy service. I mean don’t get me wrong you have repair shops that do a good job and fixes your computer makes it a lot faster and a whole lot better when they do a good job by actually removing the virus and saving your memory as promise for a fair price. But this repair shop has both its good and bad. They will format your hard drive and reinstall the OS, but they wil l only saving pictures, videos and documents to only one DVD and that is a problem.

The Supply Chain Management System - 859 Words

Supply Chain Management is defined as the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a course of action from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. It includes numerous activities such as coordinating and integrating these flows both within and amid companies. By directing the supply chain, companies are able to cut excess fat and provide products faster. This is done by keeping tighter control of internal inventories, internal production, distribution, sales and the inventories of the company s product purchasers, therefore completing the objective in a Supply Chain Management system by decreasing inventory. However there are risks taken by companies as the globalization of their supply chain is paired with concerns about the quality of products that are made in other countries may not meet regulatory standards, therefore puts their products in jeopardy of being recalled. This means that supply chain managers are responsible for ensuri ng suppliers and their products maintain safety and quality standards. Recalls or safety issues can damage a company’s reputation. As I was reading an article online about Toyota, I realized that Toyota was in a similar situation as they recalled 7.5 million cars around the world so they can fix faulty power window switches that can potentially catch a fire. Toyota had issues using the right amount of grease to coat the switches. This malfunction has affected its consumers as it has beenShow MoreRelatedWalmart Supply Chain Management System2559 Words   |  11 PagesWALMART REATIL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT System Karan Dewan 300808446 Professor Jeff Parsons Business Communication BUSN 733-102 12th November 2014 Executive Summary Wal-Mart supply chain management system is one of the best in the world. Wal-Mart emphasized the need to reduce purchasing costs and offer the best price to the customer. 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Essay about Abolition Of Man - 833 Words

Every culture ever known has operated under a system of values. Many varied on exact principles, but most applied the idea of Natural Law. Or, as C.S. Lewis would refer to it in his Abolition of Man, the Tao. In this particular book Lewis discusses the implications that would follow could man overcome this basic value system that has been in place since the development of rational thought. However, paradoxical as his opinion may seem, he holds that to step beyond the Tao is to plunge into nothingness. Simply put, it is his claim that to destroy, or even fundamentally change, man’s basic value system is to destroy man himself. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lewis states late in the book that, â€Å"They are not men at all. Stepping outside the†¦show more content†¦For even when man talks of intrinsic values and emotions, there is validity in these things simply because they are experienced by someone. To say these things have been experienced gives them substance, whether they can be perceived by the senses or not. It seems as though Lewis is arguing that because the Tao is a qualitative substance inherent to man, to strip that would be the reduction of him into nothing. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Perhaps this idea could be better applied when applying it to the observations that are common to most every man. Making the assumption that Lewis is referring to the â€Å"void† as the absence of all qualities defining man, it is simple to compare this idea to the world around us. To borrow a metaphor from the author himself, the reader should imagine a tree. Most would agree upon the most basic components of this object; a trunk, roots, limbs, and leaves. What would happen to the tree if the branches, thereby including the leaves, decided to exist and function separate from the trunk? As most know, this would lead to the destruction of the isolated branches. 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And yet his dreams will be haunted by the oppressions of war. William Wilberforce, however, will return to his family, lay his head on his pillow and remember: the slave trade is no more.† Those wordsRead MoreThe s Quest For Meaning1122 Words   |  5 PagesTolstoy (A Confession) in his quest for meaning. It offers a simplistic illustration of the common predicament faced by all of mankind, to which Tolstoy and fellow thinkers, Sigmund Freud (Civilization and Its Discontents) and C.S. Lewis (The Abolition of Man) attempt to provide a solution. Each thinker offers a unique conclusion based upon their respective definitions of the problem and its perpetuating influences. The thinkers focus their investigation on the authority of science, instinct, and

The Term Relationship Goals Is A Popular Description That...

{Relationship Goals} The term relationship goals is currently a popular description that millions of people throw around with the help sarcasm in social media to describe friendships, intimate relationships, and even family relationships. What if we have it all wrong? What if we really do need to put relationship goals in front of ourselves? No, I am not talking about inmate relationship goals. I am talking about distant relatives or acquaintances that you know could be beneficial or educational. I am particularly referring to relationships with our grandparents. We know the benefits, we see them all around, but have we reached the relationship goal that we want? I struggle with this question all the time. Have I reached my relationship goal with my grandparents? My initial answer is yes, since I consider two eighty years olds as some of my best friends. I consider my grandparental relationship goal met. However, I realize my answer is deceitful. The honest truth is hard for me to ad mit, I have four living grandparents and I do not have an existing relationship with my paternal grandparents. For years this question has haunted me. Maybe it is time I took a look at the bigger picture. A picture that does not exist in my memory only imagined. Over time I have hardened and know that a two year old has a better chance at respecting their grandparents than I do. Realizing that I never put a relationship goal in front of myself. I have to ask myself in a respectful way whyShow MoreRelatedWal-Mart: a Human Resources Perspective3847 Words   |  16 Pagesoperations in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Japan, Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, and the United Kingdom. (www.walmartstores.com) Wal-Mart Stores employs more than two million associates worldwide; this includes more than 1.4 million in the United States alone according to the company’s corporate fact sheet. 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Soon after having made an investment in hardware technology, managers find the completed system is obsolete andRead MoreKfc Marketing Strategies20155 Words   |  81 Pagesrestaurant? Will you provide plans and an equipment list? Can I use equipment that I already own or used equipment? There’s already a KFC in my market, can I add another one? Existing KFC operators have a protected territory of 1.5 miles or 30,000 people, whichever is smaller. Outside of that, KFC seeks to build in quality trade areas that allow for reasonable store spacing in a market. Stores are only approved if the sales impact on existing KFC restaurants is below established standards. Your KFC

The Wrong Stuff Free Essays

In the book, The Wrong Stuff, by Marcus Stern, Dean Calbreath, and Jerry Krammer, a sad story is told about a man that fell from grace as one of the truly great Americans and went on to become one of the most publicly lambasted figures of a generation. The book talks about the life, trials, and tribulations of Duke Cunningham, the American congressman that saw his star fall as far from the sky as one could possibly fall. In the book, the authors take an interesting viewpoint on the many different scenes that would eventually shape Cunningham’s life and they use an interesting style to get across these points. We will write a custom essay sample on The Wrong Stuff or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ultimately, the authors combine to render an effective work that takes a comprehensive view of a man with an emphasis on proving that his life was one that was ultimately wasted. The main idea of the book is to not only give the reader a history of Duke Cunningham and his situation, but to shed a light on what might have caused the congressman to mess up something that could have been so good. It does not take a short sighted view on the congressman, either. Instead of simply focusing on the bribery scandal that sent him to jail or the tax evasion that was a part of his life, it focuses on letting the reader know why these things happened and what might have motivated Cunningham to take such risks. The book talks at length about the fact that Duke Cunningham had it made as a congressman from the moment he entered office. He was able to gain his seat after the incumbent fell victim to a scandal of his own. In addition, he was able to use his past military service in the Vietnam War as a means of earning respect among both his peers and his constituents. The book ties all of these events together in a way that gives the reader a clear view of Cunningham’s entire life and political experience. One important point that the book tries to make numerous times is the fact that Cunningham gained his position of influence not only by circumstance, but also because he was a relentless worker. On page twenty-four of the work, the authors write (2007), â€Å"But no one outworked Cunningham. Jim Laing, one his tactical flight instructors, once marveled at his willingness to study1† (p. 24). This was an important theme through the book that was represented by in many ways using tales of his Vietnam days. The book’s authors understood that people would be more moved by tales from the battle front, so they took advantage of those stories as much as possible. In one way, this is why the book succeeds in grabbing the reader. In the work, the authors find a lot of success in validating their primary points. They try hard to make the point that the congressman had everything out in front of him, yet he did not have the right stuff to make it happen in life. Luckily for the authors, Cunningham gives them many examples of both of these instances. Not only is he an excellent worker with many accomplishments leading up to his problems, but his political career crashes and burns in such a way that it would be nearly impossible for any author to miss the point in describing the event. Because this was one of the most publicized political corruption incidents of all time, it is very easy for the authors to make the reader understand its significance. The authors make mention of the publicity of the incident when they write (2007), â€Å"Cunningham could no longer walk the halls of congress without being dogged by television cameras and shouted questions†1 (p. 237). This is a clear indication that the event was taking its toll on the senator, and the authors waste little time mentioning this in their work in a way that readers can understand. I would certainly recommend this book to people close to me because it is a perfect recollection a fairly interesting incident. It succeeds in a lot of different ways because it uses real life examples to not only tell the story, but to paint a portrait of Cunningham as a man. It would really allow my parents to see the congressman in a human sense, instead of simply as a politician with no soul. Of the weaknesses in the book that I would point out to those people, there includes the fact that it is slow moving at points. People that pick up this book to read it are looking to get insight on the scandals and political situations that the congressman was involved in. It spends a little bit too much time focusing on Cunningham’s life as a youngster, while it should be focusing on the main points. Still, these weaknesses are not all that evident to the casual reader, because it is not a slow enough book that will make readers want to put the book down. References Calbreath, D, Condon, G. E. , Krammer, J. , Stern, M. (2007). The Wrong Stuff: The Extraordinary Saga of Randy â€Å"Duke† Cunningham, the Most Corrupt Congressman Ever Caught. PublicAffairs Publishing. How to cite The Wrong Stuff, Papers

Commentary about London by William Blake free essay sample

London, which consists of sixteen lines, is not just a description of William Blake’s birthplace but also a detailed poem of how the social status works in London. The poem is a devastating and concise political analysis delivered with passionate anger. It is revealing the complex connections between patterns of ownership and the ruling ideology, the way all human relations are inescapably bound together within a single destructive society. The reason why Blake wrote it was because he believed that the human spirit was being suppressed by custom and politics. His idea in the poem was that humanity could flower if long-established institutions could be altered or removed. For this reason his poem â€Å"London† is revolutionary because it stresses the need to correct the misery the speaker describes. Those who are degraded should be healthy and wholesome. By contrast, Blake reminds us in the poem of privilege, soldiers, and palaces, all of them aspects of oppressive authority. We will write a custom essay sample on Commentary about London by William Blake or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Songs of Experience, from which â€Å"London† was taken, was a collection of poems on this basic theme. Blake published the work in 1794; the French Revolution was only five years old at the time, with his own engravings. The poem’s opening shows the narrator wandering the â€Å"charter’d† streets of London down to the â€Å"charter’d Thames†. The loaded word â€Å"charter’d† is used in a critical sense, and Blake’s contemporary readers would no doubt have picked up on it. The first two lines of the first verse talks about how the ruling class not only controls the street but also the river that should be flowing freely. The repetition of the word â€Å"mark† is emphatic; the Londoners are branded with visible signs of sickness and misery. There is a biblical sense at work here, as in the mark of the Beast from Revelations, or the mark of Cain, the murderous â€Å"builder of the first city†. The subtle shift from â€Å"mark† used as a verb in line three to a noun in line four binds the narrator to those he sees, showing he is not a disinterested observer but one of the sufferers himself. The repetition also shows the despair and tiredness that the Londoners seem to be going through because of their oppressed way of life. In the second verse of the poem, the commonality of suffering was shown in the repetition of the word â€Å"every†. It also stressed the people’s feelings of being imprisoned and trapped. The verse is also a picture of a society in chains and the tightness of the poem revealed the feelings of entrapment. The word â€Å"ban† tells that they lack freedom of expression. It reveals how people were unable to voice their criticisms or how the country was being ruled. The â€Å"I† figure doesn’t appear till the very end of the verse, as if he has been overwhelmed by the sounds of human torment. The sense of imprisonment is made absolutely plain in the phrase â€Å"mind-forg’d manacles†. Metaphorically, mental chains imprisoning through ideological acceptance of the status quo. The long list of accusatory examples gave an unstoppable momentum in the third verse of the poem. The â€Å"Chimney-sweepers† represent the destitute children. The â€Å"Soldiers† represent the anguish of those who had to serve in the army under difficult conditions. The three specific social types – the chimney sweep, the soldier and the harlot – all emblematic figures, a point made clear by the use of capitals, was used also for the representative institutions. The tone of the author at this moment is stark and accusatory. The boy sweep was a well-known figure of pity in Blake’s time. The word â€Å"appalls† here means indicts rather than the modern usage of disgusts. The church is not appalled in a compassionate way, but is fearful of the menace the sweeps represent. On the last verse of the poem, Blake told a story of a young girl out in the darkness. At that time, young women had to resort to prostitution because of poverty. Blake wrote that he could hear the young girl’s curse for what she has to be put through. By striking at the family, the poem attacks the reproductive system of society itself. The harlot’s curse does more than make the baby cry; it destroys bourgeois complacency. The â€Å"plagues† signifies the goings of the rich and how their actions affect the lives of the entire innocent involved. The poem â€Å"London† gave a very specific description of the way of life in London at Blake’s time period. The final idea of this poem is the claim of a free society, without any chains, without any kind of ideological condition. The message is to be free yourself from the restriction of your own mind and the conceptions to be able to find freedom.